At the Rowland, the Cira Lab developed technologies to enable new scales of experimental throughput and used them to untangle complex biological systems. Many biological systems involve the interaction of large numbers of different components, and many of biology’s most pressing questions involve understanding properties that emerge out of this complexity. These questions include, “How do combinations of different microbial species result in community stability?”, “How do different genetic variants combine to give resistance or susceptibility to disease?”, and “How do RNA expression levels give rise to different cell types?”. Answering questions like these will require numbers of experiments commensurate with the complexity of the systems being studied.